https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript

JavaScript(JS) is a lightweight interpreted or JIT-compiled programming language with first-class functions. … JavaScript is a prototype-based, multi-paradigm, dynamic language, supporting object-oriented, imperative, and declarative(e.g. functional programming) styles.

As of 2012, all modern browsers fully support ECMAScript 5.1. On June 17, 2015, ECMA International published the sixth major version of ECMAScript which officially called ECMAScript 2015, and was initially refereed to as ECMAScript 6 or ES6.

Table of Content

JavaScript Tutorial

JavaScript first steps

JavaScript building blocks

Introducing JavaScript objects

JavaScript Guide

Client-side web APIs

A re-introduction to JavaScript

JavaScript data structures

Equality comparison and sameness

Inheritance and the prototype chain

Strict mode

JavaScript typed arrays

Memory Management

Concurrency model and Event loop

JavaScript Reference

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Standard build-in objects

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Standard Objects

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Object

Inspecting Object & Object.prototype

  • Object is a function

  • Object.prototype is an object

Constructor
  • { [ nameValuePair1[, nameValuePair2[, ... nameValuePairN] ] ] }: object literal
    • Shallow-cloning (excluding prototype) or merging objects is now possible using a shorter syntax with spread syntax than Object.assign(). But note that Object.assign() triggers setters whereas the spread operator doesn’t.
    • Shorthand property names (ES2015)
    • Shorthand method names (ES2015)
    • Prototype mutation
    • See more at: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Object_initializer
  • new Object([value]): create a wrapped object for the given value
    • Creating a user-defined object requires two steps:
      1. Define the object type by writing a function.
      2. Create an instance of the object with new.
    • When the code new Foo() is executed, the following things happen:
      1. A new object is created, inheriting from Foo.prototype
      2. The constructor function Foo is called with the specified arguments, and with this bound to the newly created object.
      3. The object returned by the constructor become the result of the whole new expression, or the object created in step 1 if no object is explicitly returned
    • See more at: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/new
Properties
  • Object.length
  • Object.prototype: not inheriting from this when created by Object.create(null)
  • Object.prototype.constructor
  • Object.prototype.__proto__ (not standardized)
Methods
  • Object.assign(target, ...sources)
    • to copy all enumerable own properties from one or more source objects to a target object
    • uses [[Get]] on the source and [[Set]] on the target
    • can be used for: shallow clone, merging objects
  • Object.create(proto[, propertiesObject])
    • create a new object, using an existing object to provide the newly object’s _proto__
  • Object.defineProperty(obj, props)
    • props is an object whose own enumerable properties constitute descriptors to be defined or modified
    • configurable, enumerable, value, writable, get, set
  • Object.entries()
  • Object.freeze()
  • Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor()
  • Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors()
  • Object.getOwnPropertyNames()
  • Object.getOwnPropertySymbols()
  • Object.getPrototypeOf()
  • Object.is()
  • Object.isExtensible()
  • Object.isFrozen()
  • Object.isSealed()
  • Object.keys(): only names of own enumerable properties
  • Object.preventExtensions()
  • Object.seal()
  • Object.setPrototypeOf()
  • Object.values()
  • Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty()
  • Object.prototype.isPrototypeOf()
  • Object.prototype.propertyIsEmumerable()
  • Object.prototype.toLocaleString()
  • Object.prototype.toString()
  • Object.prototype.watch()

References

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Array

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Expression and operators

Statements and declarations

Functions