https://app.pluralsight.com/library/courses/cloud-foundry-developers/table-of-contents

Cloud Foundry is a popular and powerful open-source Platform-as-a-Service for modern web applications. This course describes the best practices for designing PaaS applications, and walks through the deployment and management of a multi-tier web application.

Table of Content

PaaS and Cloud Foundry Introduction

Introduction

Cloud Application Delivery Models

Why Platform-as-a-Service Matters

  • The new “middleware for the cloud era”
  • Application-centric
  • Faster time to market
  • DevOps-friendly
  • Different (language) runtimes, same policies

Deploy an Application

  • Install Node.js
  • Install Cloud Foundry CLI
  • Sign up for free Pivotal.io account
  • Push applications

DEMO: Deploy an Application

Designing for PaaS

Twelve Factor App: http://12factor.net

  • Code is Version Controlled
  • Dependencies are Declared and Isolated
  • Configuration is Stored in the Environment
  • Backing Services as Attached Resources
  • Build and Run stages are Separated
    • Build may be complex, started by devs
    • Run is simple and completed unattached
  • Application Executed as Stateless Processes
    • Avoid sticky sessions
  • Services are Exported via Port Binding
  • Application Scaled Out via Process Model
  • Processes are Disposable

Designing for PaaS - Additional Considerations

  • Rely on asynchronous messaging, using queueing
  • Compose applications out of services
  • Access portability requirements （move from dev to prod or move from one PaaS to another）

PaaS Anti-patterns

  • Relying on the local file system
  • Building services that scale up (PaaS typically meant to scale out more and more instances)
  • Manually coordinating builds
  • Hard-coding configurations
  • Cramming everything into one app (monolithic app)

About Cloud Foundry

An open-source Platform-as-a-Service for running orchestrated polyglot applications in an public or private environment

Cloud Foundry Architecture

Also see:

  • https://docs.cloudfoundry.org/concepts/diego/dea-vs-diego.html
  • https://docs.cloudfoundry.org/concepts/diego/diego-architecture.html

cf-arch

Cloud Foundry Security

Cloud Foundry and Containers

  • Warden with Linux container technology
  • Getting integrated into next-gen of Cloud Foundry

Cloud Foundry Community

Course Objectives

Reference Architecture for This Course

Summary

Deploying and Managing Applications (Part I)

Introduction

  • Accessing Cloud Foundry Spaces
  • About Application Services
  • Deploying and Exploring Applications
  • Scaling and Updating Applications
  • Troubleshooting Applications

Understanding Orgs, Roles, Spaces, and Permissions

  • an org has a default space
  • a user can have multiple roles

How Roles Work

Logging into Your Space (CLI)

DEMO: Logging into Your Space (CLI)

cf api https://api.run.pivotal.io
cf login
cf spaces: dev, testing
cf space dev

Logging into Your Space (UI)

DEMO: Logging into Your Space (UI)

About Application Services

  • Connecting all services as attached resources not assuming they’re local
  • On-demand resources = service instances
    • Managed Service Instances (integrated with CF via the servicebroker)
    • User Provided Service Instances
  • Multiple deployment options (binding services to apps)

Creating a Service Instance

  • cf marketplace
service               plans                                              description                                                                                                                                                                          broker
mongodb               v3.0-small, v3.0-medium, v3.4-small, v3.4-medium   Store JSON-like documents in a document-oriented database.                                                                                                                           service-fabrik-broker
redis                 v3.0-small, v3.0-medium                            Use Redis to store data structures, in-memory.                                                                                                                                       service-fabrik-broker
xsuaa                 application, broker                                Manage application authorizations and trust to identity providers.                                                                                                                   xsuaa
application-logs      lite                                               Create, store, access, and analyze application logs.                                                                                                                                 sleeve-broker
connectivity          lite                                               Establishes a secure and reliable connectivity between cloud applications and on-premise systems.                                                                                    connectivity
jobscheduler          lite                                               Allows you to define and manage your jobs that run on one-time or recurring schedules                                                                                                jobscheduler-broker
auditlog              standard                                           Broker for Audit Log Service.                                                                                                                                                        auditlog
metering              standard                                           Resource consumption service based on cf-abacus                                                                                                                                      abacus-broker
feature-flags         lite                                               Feature Flags service for controlling feature rollout                                                                                                                                feature-flags-broker
destination           lite                                               Provides a secure and reliable access to destination configurations                                                                                                                  destination-service-broker
saas-registry         application, service                               Service for application providers to register multitenant applications and services                                                                                                  saas-registry
html5-apps-repo       app-runtime                                        Enables storage of HTML5 applications and provides runtime environment for HTML5 applications.                                                                                       html5-apps-repo-sb
lps-service           service                                            Service for integrating with LPS Service                                                                                                                                             saas-registry
credstore             small                                              Secure repository for credentials, cryptographic keys and certificates.                                                                                                              credstore
auditlog-api          default                                            Auditlog API                                                                                                                                                                         auditlog-api
auditlog-management   default                                            Auditlog Management - Retrieve logs and change retention                                                                                                                             auditlog-management-broker
metering-service      default                                            Metering-as a Service on SAP Cloud platform enables services to meter their usage information, so it can be used later for commercial purposes like billing or license compliance.   metering-broker

TIP: Use 'cf marketplace -s SERVICE' to view descriptions of individual plans of a given service.
  • cf create-service mongolab sandbox mymongo
  • cf services

DEMO: Creating a Service Instance

Deploying and Exploring Applications

Creating YAML Manifests

  • Describe push activities
  • Looks locally for manifest.yml
  • Required and optional parameters

Exploring Manifests

---
# comment in a manifest
Applications:
    - name: donationwebsite
    # buildpack: http://github.com/heroku/heroku-buildpack-play.git
    # stack: windows2012
    # domain: donation.com
    # host: manage
    # command: node app.js
    # instances: 3
    # memory: 512M
    # path: ./web/
    # timeout: 60

Creating a YML Manifest

DEMO: Creating a YAML Manifest

---
applications:
- name: psdonationwebservice
  memory: 128MB
  instances: 1
  command: node ./bin/www
services:
- mymongo

What Happens During Deployment?

  • Cloud controller creates record
  • Cloud controller stores metadata
  • Cloud controller stores app files
  • App start command issued
  • Cloud controller chooses staging DEA
  • Staging DEA stages and streams
  • Staging DEA caches package
  • Cloud Controller chooses runtime DEA

Deploying Applications via the CLI

  • cf push <appname> -i 2: overrides manifest.yml, meaning two instances

Finish Environment Buildout

  • Install Ruby
  • Install MongoDB
  • Install MongoVue
  • Install Fiddler
  • Test application locally

DEMO: Finish Environment Buildout

  • Start MongoDB 
    cd "c:\Program Files"
cd "MongoDB 2.6 Standard"
md \data\db
cd bin
mongod
  • Fiddler Web Debugger

Deploying and Managing Applications (Part II)

Deploying Applications via CLI

DEMO: Deploying Applications via CLI

  • ??? uploading droplet
  • Rails application <==> Node.js Web Service <==> MongoDB

Exploring Running Applications

  • Org quotas
  • Events and logs
  • App health and allocation

Scaling and Updating Applications

  • Scaling Up and Down
    • Change disk or memory
    • Affects all instances
  • Scaling In and Out
    • Create and destroy instances
    • Auto load balanced
    • No built-in auto scale

Scaling Application Commands

cf scale <appname> -m 512M

Scaling Applications

DEMO: Scalin g Applications

cf apps
cf app <appname>
cf scale <appname> -i 3 #instance 3

Deploying Updated Applications

  • App instances automatically stopped then started after doing cf push 
    cf files <appname>

DEMO: Deploying Updated Applications

Troubleshooting Applications

  • Application deployment fails
  • Application won’t start
  • Tracking unexpected consumption
  • Application crashes

Using Logs

  • Types of logs
  • View log file list
  • View individual log files
  • Dump log in the CLI

DEMO: Using Logs

  • View log list
  • Dump logs to CLI
  • Filter logs 
    cf logs <appname> --recent
cf events <appname>

    Summary

Cloud Foundry Advanced Topics

Introduction

  • Using environment variables
  • Background applications
  • Perform No-Downtime Updates
  • Application Crash and Recovery

(Updated) Reference Architecture for This Course

image

Using Environment Variables

  • How runtime communicates with app
  • Set by system or user

Retrieving and Setting Environment Variables

cf env <appname>
cf set-env <appname> <variable_name> <variable_value>

manifest.yml

env:
    NODE_ENV: production
    TRACING: OFF

DEMO: Retrieving and Setting Environment Variables

  • AWS SQS (Queue) and put access tokens as environment variables in manifest.yml

Background Applications

  • Promote asynchronous processing
  • Offload work
  • Separate scalable tier
  • More responsive applications

Building and Deploying Background Apps

  • Design instantiation mechanism
    • Polling
    • Event-driven
  • Test locally
  • Add to manifest
    • Use --no-route attribute
  • Test in Cloud Foundry
  • Agenda
    • Create SQS Queue
    • Inspect background app code
    • Update manifest
    • Push background app
    • Push changes to services app
    • Test new architecture

DEMO: Building and Deploying Background Apps

  • Exercise file: Mod3/before/DonationPoller
  • cf push with no-route: true would make it a worker

Performing No-downtime Updates

  • Standard
    • Application offline during update
    • Roll-forward on failure
    • Simpler
    • More disruptive
  • Blue-Green
    • Dual environment
    • Roll-back on failure
    • More complex
    • No disruption

Blue-green Deployment Architecture

  • Make a change to our application
  • Deploy to a secondary container
  • Swap routes

DEMO: Blue-green Deployment

Application Crash and Recovery

DEMO: Application Crash Recovery

Summary